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Il est maintenant clair que Vermentino (principaux synonymes dans la bibliographie : Verlantin, Varlentin, Rolle, Malvoisie à gros grains, Carbesso or Carbes, Brustiano bianco ; Pigato, Favorita, Carica l'asino bianco) est une variété originaire de la Méditerranée occidentale - probablement d'Italie - la région du monde où elle est aussi principalement cultivée.
Autrefois également utilisé comme cépage de table, il est aujourd'hui exclusivement un cépage de cuve établi. La première mention de Vermentino (comme Fermentino) remonterait à 1658 et concernerait Montaldeo, dans la province d'Alessandria (Robinson et al., 2012).
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En France, la première mention de Vermentino semble être celle de "L'Agriculture" (Petit-Lafitte, 1841), où l'introduction du Vermentino est attestée directement de Corse. En Sardaigne, la première mention est celle d'Angius, au milieu du XIXe siècle, qui le situe sur l'île de La Maddalena, en Gallura.
Des analyses d'ADN ont clairement montré que Favorita (Piémont), Pigato (Ligurie) et Vermentino (Ligurie, Sardaigne, Toscane et Corse) sont la même variété (Schneider et Mannini 1990, Botta, Scott et al., 1995).
Ce cépage, considéré comme semi-aromatique, est largement cultivé, avec ses différents synonymes, en Ligurie au nord-ouest de l'Italie, sur l'île italienne de Sardaigne et dans le Piémont, ainsi que dans le sud de la France et sur l'île française de Corse.
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La superficie totale plantée en Vermentino en Italie est d'environ 6 000 hectares. La région où il est le plus cultivé est la Sardaigne avec environ 4500 hectares, suivie par la Toscane et la Ligurie.
Le Vermentino est également très répandu dans le sud de la France (un peu plus de 6000 hectares), en Provence, en Corse, où il est le cépage blanc le plus important, et en Languedoc-Roussillon.
Vermentino se trouve à Malte et est présent dans la vallée de la Bekaa au Liban.
En Californie, l'état américain où il est le plus cultivé, le Vermentino couvre une superficie totale d'environ 100 hectares. Mais cette vigne est également présente dans d'autres états des Etats-Unis, comme la Sierra Nevada, le Texas, la Caroline du Nord et la Virginie.
En Australie, la superficie touchée par le Vermentino est d'environ 120 hectares. Et il est présent en Australie-Méridionale, Victoria, Hunter Valley, King Valley, Barossa Valley.
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17000 (ha)
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Francia (6035 ha), Italie (5600 ha), Australie (120 ha), USA (90 ha)
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Les vins de cépage Vermentino sont généralement différents les uns des autres, mais en général ils sont frais, avec des notes florales et fruitées - parfois avec des notes minérales ou délicatement épicées. L'alcool est généralement modéré - surtout lorsqu'il est récolté assez tôt pour maintenir l'acidité. Dans les climats plus chauds ou en cas de vendanges tardives, il peut y avoir des arômes de fruits plus mûrs - fruits à noyau et fruits tropicaux - mais bien équilibrés par l'acidité naturelle du Vermentino.L'événement sera également l'occasion de profiter des nuances et des interprétations du Vermentino dans différentes zones de culture
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